Abstract Introduction Threats to mental health and psychological well-being have been considered among the most challenging dimensions to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective To track the occurrence of significant anxiety and depression symptoms and the level of worry among residents in Brazil in June 2020. Method The final sample totaled 4,805 participants from all Brazilian states. A sociodemographic and health questionnaire (with questions related to COVID-19), the translated versions of the Meta-Worry Questionnaire, and the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4) were used. Inferential analyses were computed using the Multinomial Logistic Regression (backward stepwise) in which the PHQ-4 findings were stratified into four categories: no symptoms, only anxiety symptoms, only depression symptoms, and both symptoms. Results Research findings have shown that there are characteristics that predict greater exposure to significant symptoms of anxiety and depression (gender, age, and level of worry), with level of worry being the variable with the greatest impact on the model. Discussion and conclusion These data found during the COVID-19 pandemic intra-crisis period allow for early prediction of the negative outcomes associated with the pandemic, such as common mental disorders, and allocating interventions to help people to rationally deal with the stress related to this moment, regulating their emotions, and improving their overall mental health.

Resumen Introducción Las amenazas a la salud mental y el bienestar psicológico se han considerado entre las dimensiones más desafiantes de abordar en la pandemia de COVID-19. Objetivo Rastrear la ocurrencia de síntomas significativos de ansiedad y depresión y el nivel de preocupación entre los residentes en Brasil en junio de 2020. Método La muestra final totalizó 4,805 participantes de todos los estados brasileños. Se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y de salud (con preguntas relacionadas con el COVID-19), las versiones traducidas del Cuestionario Meta-Preocupación y el Cuestionario de Salud del Paciente de 4 ítems (PHQ-4). Los análisis inferenciales se calcularon utilizando la regresión logística multinomial (backward stepwise) en la que los hallazgos de PHQ-4 se estratificaron en cuatro categorías: sin síntomas, solo síntomas de ansiedad, solo síntomas de depresión y ambos síntomas. Resultados Los hallazgos de la investigación han demostrado que existían características que predecían una mayor exposición a síntomas significativos de ansiedad y depresión (género, edad y nivel de preocupación), siendo el nivel de preocupación la variable de mayor impacto en el modelo. Discusión y conclusión Los datos finales permiten la predicción temprana de los resultados negativos asociados con la pandemia, como los trastornos mentales comunes, y la asignación de intervenciones para ayudar a las personas a enfrentar racionalmente el estrés relacionado con este momento mediante una regulación de sus emociones y un mejoramiento de su salud mental.

ABSTRACT Human Resource Allocation (HRA) can be defined as the way professionals are distributed across the organization’s tasks, given that each individual has his/her own set of characteristics, and that each task has specific needs. Thus, this paper puts forward a mathematical programming model for allocating human resources that considers employees’ formal qualifications and experience and the possibility of employees sharing tasks in each project. The proposed mathematical model was designed and implemented according to a set of heuristics based on a Greedy Search (GS), a Genetic Algorithm, a Cosine Pigeon- Inspired Optimizer and an Iterated Local Search (ILS), to solve small, medium and large random instances. Thus, it was verified which of the heuristics had the best performance according to certain indicators, such as resolution time and average quality of the solutions found. Finally, they were also compared with the optimal solution obtained for small and medium-sized instances, with the best average results to ILS, although these are not too far from those of the GS.

ABSTRACT The direction of public policies plays an important role in society as a whole, especially in security, which, in addition to being considered a necessity for every citizen, is constitutionally guaranteed. This study presents the use of an unsupervised learning approach for the establishment of clusters among the municipalities in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil, considering some types of representative crimes, aiming to direct actions to prevent and fight crime in order to support policy makers. The k-means algorithm was used as the main tool in the study, using the software R 3.6.1, and recommendations for actions were directed to each of the obtained clusters. To demonstrate the direction, the grouping with the parameter k = 26 was used, referring to the State Security Integration Areas. The results show that the use of a clustering approach for the municipalities provides greater effectiveness in directing actions to combat and prevent crime, given that the municipalities that have the greatest similarities are grouped in the same cluster.

Resumo: Este artigo apresenta o mestrado em Serviço Social da PUC Goiás, considerando o acompanhamento dos egressos e objetiva explicitar sua inserção social na realidade local e regional. Destaca seu caráter interdisciplinar e aponta que os egressos estão inseridos em instituições de ensino superior e em atividades relacionadas ao controle social. Essa inserção se materializa, ainda, na qualificação desses profissionais, com vistas à ampliação do acesso a direitos da população goiana e brasileira.

Abstract: This article presents the Master’s Degree in Social Work at PUC Goiás, considering the monitoring of graduates and it aims to explain their social insertion in the local and regional reality. It highlights its interdisciplinary character and points out that the graduates are inserted in higher education institutions and in activities related to social control. This insertion also happens in the qualification of these professionals, aiming to increase access to the rights by the population of Goiás and Brazil.

Resumo: O artigo problematiza como algumas propostas do Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD) podem constituir e impactar o trabalho do professor. A partir de breve retomada histórica dos programas PNLD e PNLD - Dicionários e da análise do contexto de produção dos livros didáticos, discute-se como tais propostas foram concretizadas e são atualmente apresentadas. A análise de atividades dos livros didáticos do 1º ano do ensino fundamental e do PNLD - Dicionários para o 5º ano e de orientações ao professor indicam o distanciamento com relação ao trabalho docente e sugerem a necessidade de repensar as propostas, a fim de que possam contribuir para o processo de elaboração de conhecimento pelo aluno, bem como para a organização do trabalho docente.

Abstract: This study discusses how some proposals of Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD - Brazilian Textbook Program) reflect, represent and influence the teacher’s work. Through a brief history of PNLD and PNLD-Dicionários (PNLD Dictionaries), as well as a discussion about the context of textbooks production, it aims at understanding how such proposals were developed and are currently presented. The analyses of 1st grade textbooks, 5th grade dictionaries and guidance for the teachers indicate a gap between the textbooks’ orientations and the teacher’s work, and the necessity of reconsidering and reformulating the proposals, so that they can contribute for the knowledge development by the student and the organization of the teacher’s work.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar o efeito do exercício no stress oxidativo de ratos desnutridos. Trinta e duas ratas Fischer foram igualmente divididas em Controlo Sedentário (CS), Controlo Treinado (CT), Desnutrido Sedentário (DS) e Desnutrido Treinado (DT). O protocolo de treino consistiu na prática de natação ao longo de trinta minutos contínuos diários, cinco dias por semana durante oito semanas. Os animais do grupo DT apresentaram maior aumento de peso e peso final mais elevado do que os animais do grupo DS. Os valores de superóxido dismutase e sulfidrilas totais não mostraram aumento de stress por efeito do treino, da mesma forma que não foram evidenciados danos hepáticos. Os animais CS e DS apresentaram valores de glicose sérica mais elevados do que os animais CT e DT, respetivamente. Já o teste oral de tolerância à glicose confirmou o aumento significativo apenas para o grupo CS em relação ao CT. Conclui-se que o treino físico provocou o aumento de peso e influenciou o peso final dos animais desnutridos sem aumentar o stress oxidativo no soro e sem modificar a ingestão alimentar ou causar danos hepáticos.

The aim of the present work was to study the effect of physical exercise on oxidative stress of undernourished rats. Thirty-two female Fischer rats were equally divided into Sedentary Control (SC), Trained Control (TC), Sedentary Undernourished (SU), and Trained Undernourished (TU) groups. The training protocol consisted of swimming continuously for thirty minutes per day five days a week for eight weeks. The TU group showed greater weight gain and final weight compared to the SU one. The values of total sulfhydryl and superoxide dismutase showed no increase of stress because of the training, in the same way that liver damage was not evident. The SC and SU animals showed higher serum glucose values than the TC and TU animals, respectively. However, the oral glucose tolerance test confirmed the significant increase only for the SC compared to the TC group. We conclude that the physical training increased weight gain and final weight in malnourished animals without increasing oxidative stress in serum nor modifying the food intake or causing liver damage.

Este artigo pretende apresentar a concepção da política de assistência social que prevalece em três municípios goianos, os mais populosos, de economia mais desenvolvida e com maior produto interno bruto, entre 2011 e 2012. Foram analisados relatórios e planos de gestão, projetos e registros profissionais de cada unidade pública de atendimento da política nesses municípios, relativos aos anos de 2008 a 2012. Como principal resultado, registre-se que os avanços dos últimos anos nessa área, ainda não superaram o conservadorismo na sua compreensão e operacionalização.

This article presents the concept of the social assistance policy that prevails in three municipalities of Goiás State including the most populous, that with the most developed economy and that with the highest total economic production between 2011 and 2012. Reports and management plans, projects and professional records of each public service unit for social assistance policy in these municipalities were analyzed, for the years from 2008 - 2012. The main results found that the advances in recent years in this field still do not overcome conservative attitudes in their understanding and operationalization.

Objetivo Determinar se uma dieta hipercolesterolemiante induz esteatose hepática, alterações na expressão de mRNA da NADPH oxidase e nas defesas antioxidantes.Materiais e métodos : Ratas Fischer foram divididas em dois grupos de oito animais de acordo com o tratamento recebido, controle (C) e hipercolesterolêmico (H). Aquelas do grupo C foram alimentadas com dieta padrão (AIN-93M) e as do grupo H foram alimentadas com dieta hipercolesterolemiante (25% de óleo de soja e 1% de colesterol). As dietas foram oferecidas por oito semanas.Resultados : O grupo H apresentou acúmulo de lipídios no fígado, aumento das atividades de ALT e AST e da concentração de colesterol no soro comparado ao grupo C. O marcador da peroxidação lipídica (TBARS) e os níveis de mRNA das subunidades p47phox da NADPH-oxidase e p22phox foram aumentados no fígado de animais do grupo H, além de alteração da atividade e expressão de enzimas antioxidantes.Conclusão : Os resultados mostram um aumento na expressão de subunidades da NADPH oxidase e alterações na atividade das enzimas antioxidantes na esteatose hepática induzida por dieta hipercolesterolemiante. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(3):251-9

Objective : This study aimed to determine whether a hypercholesterolemic diet induces hepatic steatosis, alterations in mRNA expression of NADPH oxidase subunits, and antioxidant defenses.Materials and methods : Fischer rats were divided into two groups of eight animals according to the treatment, control (C) and hypercholesterolemic diet (H). Those in group C were fed a standard diet (AIN-93M), and those of the group H were fed a hypercholesterolemic diet (25% soybean oil and 1% cholesterol).Results : The hypercholesterolemic diet did not affect body weight, but resulted in the accumulation of lipids in the liver, increased serum activities of aminotransferases and cholesterol levels. Biomarker of lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and mRNA expression of NADPH oxidase subunits p22phox and p47phox were increased in the liver of animals in group H. Besides, the activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes were altered.Conclusion : The results show increased mRNA expression of NADPH oxidase subunits and changes in antioxidant enzyme activities in diet-induced hepatic steatosis. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(3):251-9

OBJETIVO: Este estudo avaliou os efeitos da estreptozotocina nos perfis glicêmico e lipídico e marcadores de estresse oxidativo em hamsteres. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Hamsteres machos Golden Syrian foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo diabético (D), que recebeu uma única injeção de estreptozotocina (STZ - 50 mg/kg), e grupo controle (C), que recebeu injeção de tampão citrato. Os animais foram eutanasiados após 10 dias de experimento e o sangue, o fígado e rins foram coletados. RESULTADOS: O grupo diabético apresentou níveis maiores de glicose, triacilgliceróis e colesterol séricos e maior concentração de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARs) no fígado e nos rins. Também apresentou significativo aumento da concentração de glutationa no fígado e menores atividades da paraoxonase e do superóxido dismutase. CONCLUSÃO: Hamsteres fornecem um bom modelo para o diabetes melito do tipo I e estresse oxidativo, similar ao da síndrome humana, e poderão ser adequados para a análise de compostos antidiabéticos.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effects of streptozotocin on glycemic and lipid profiles and oxidative stress status in hamsters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Golden Syrian hamsters were divided in diabetic group (D) which received a streptozotocin single injection (STZ - 50 mg/kg), and control group (C) which received a single injection of the vehicle citrate buffer. Animals were euthanized after 10 days of experiment and blood, liver and kidneys were collected. RESULTS: The diabetic group had higher levels of glucose, triacylglycerols and cholesterol in serum and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentration increased in the liver and kidneys. Diabetes induced a significant increase in glutathione concentration in the liver and decreased paraoxonase and superoxide dismutase activities. CONCLUSION: Hamsters provide a novel animal model for diabetes mellitus and oxidative stress, similar to the human syndrome, which may be suitable for the testing of antidiabetic compounds.